Emeralds were mined in Chivor and Somondoco and traded with the Muzo, who were called the "Emerald People". The main salt mines were and are still in Zipaquirá, Nemocón and Tausa, at the northern edge of the Bogotá savanna. The Muisca people were called "Salt People", due to their extraction of salt from brines in large pots. The people cultivated maize, potatoes, beans, tomatoes, tubers, such as yuca, tobacco, arracacha, sweet potatoes and various fruits and vegetables. The original hunter-gatherer population of the Herrera Period, predating the Muisca, slowly changed into a sedentary community based on agriculture. Other rulers were Tundama in the city of the same name, now called Duitama and various independent caciques, mainly of Guatavita, Ubaté, Ubaque and Vélez. The iraca of sacred City of the Sun Sugamuxi was the principal religious leader.
The Muisca were predominantly farmers and traders and formed a dispersed population occupying numerous small villages and settlements with wooden and clay houses, called bohíos by the Spanish. Politically, the area formed part of the Muisca Confederation with the northern ruler called zaque (ruling from Hunza, present-day Tunja) and the southern ruler, based in Bacatá, the zipa. The most fertile lands were ancient Pleistocene lake beds, remnants of Lake Humboldt, forming the Bogotá savanna, an area called Bacatá, and regions irrigated by the Bogotá, Suárez and Chicamocha Rivers. They lived within an approximate area of 25,000 km 2 (9,700 sq mi), which comprised Bogotá's high plateau, the current Boyacá department portion, and a small part of Santander. The Muisca occupied the mild-climate highlands between the Sumapaz mountains to the southwest and the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy in the northeast. At the arrival of the conquerors, the Muisca has been estimated to consist of 110,000 to two million people.
The first indigenous people inhabiting Bogotá were the Muisca, who spoke Chibcha.
These types of housing were present in what is now Bogotá. Model of ancient Muisca houses in the Archaeology Museum of Sogamoso. 5.3 Bogotá, Special District and Capital District.4.5 Nineteenth-century educational system.2.1 Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada expedition.
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